They include & (bitwise and), | (bitwise or), ^ (exclusive or AKA xor), > (shift right), and ~ (complement). Python operators for bitwise arithmetic are like those in the C language. "or" returns the first true value, or the last value if all are considered false. Specifically, "and" returns either the first value considered to be false, or the last value if all are considered true. Warning, logical operators can act on things other than booleans. In particular, "True or True and False or False" becomes "True or False or False" which is True. The order of operations here is: not first, and second, or third. The divmod function returns a tuple containing the quotient and remainder. The modulus (remainder of the division of the two operands, rather than the quotient) can be found using the % operator, or by the divmod builtin function.
Why Python's Integer Division Floors,.In Python, what is a good way to round towards zero in integer division?,.Integer division rounding with negatives in C++,.Python-style integer division & modulus in C,.Binary arithmetic operations, in The Python Language Reference, Thus, to ensure true division in Python 2.x: x=3 y=2 float(x)/y = 1.5. Dividing by or into a floating point number will cause Python to use true division. Using "/" to do division this way is deprecated if you want floor division, use "//" (available in Python 2.2 and later). For example:įor Python 2.x, dividing two integers or longs using the slash operator ("/") uses floor division (applying the floor function after division) and results in an integer or long. For negative results, this is unlike the integer division in the C language since -3 // 2 = -2 in Python while -3 / 2 = -1 in C: C rounds the negative result toward zero while Python toward negative infinity.īeware that due to the limitations of floating point arithmetic, rounding errors can cause unexpected results. In Python 3.x and latest 2.x, floor division for both integer arguments and floating-point arguments is achieved by using the double slash ("//") operator. The result is of a floating-point type even if both inputs are integers: 4 / 2 yields 2.0. In Python 3.x, slash operator ("/") does true division for all types including integers, and therefore, e.g. 2 ** 8 256 Floor Division and True Division
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